"The socialists and communists say, they can do nothing to bring about economic equality today. They will just carry on propaganda in its favor and to that end they believe in generating and accentuating hatred." - Mohandas Gandhi, Gandhi's interview with Nirmal Kumar Bose, November 9 - 10, 1934
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Today, over social media, the debates and exchanges with different sides attempting to claim Martin Luther King Jr. as their own. Yet, when he died on April 4, 1968 he was being targeted by all sides. Today, as in 1968, the words communist and socialist get thrown around a lot.
However, the truth is more complicated. The Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. drew inspiration from the nonviolent Indian nationalist leader Mohandas Gandhi. Gandhi, although a Hindu and not a Christian, drew inspiration from the Sermon on the Mount. Reverend King traveled to India in 1959, and at the airport he told a group of reporters:“To other countries I may go as a tourist, but to India I come as a pilgrim.”
Both Gandhi and King were radical critics of communism.
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| Martin Luther King, Jr. beside a picture of Gandhi. © Bob Fitch. |
Many are aware of Reverend King's radical criticisms of Capitalism, but how many remember his radical criticisms
of Communism? Radical is defined here as going to the roots. Below are
some of the key statements made by Reverend King on communism over the
decade he was most politically active.
"You cannot solve the problem by turning to communism, for communism is based on an ethical relativism and a metaphysical materialism that no Christian can accept. You can work within the framework of democracy to bring about a better distribution of wealth." - Martin Luther King Jr. Paul's Letter to American Christians (1956)
"Communism, avowedly secularistic and materialistic, has no place for God.4 This I could never accept, for as a Christian I believe that there is a creative personal power in this universe who is the ground and essence of all reality—a power that cannot be explained in materialistic terms. History is ultimately guided by spirit, not matter." - Martin Luther King Jr. Stride to Freedom (1958)
"Since for the Communist there is no divine government, no absolute moral order, there are no fixed, immutable principles; consequently almost anything—force, violence, murder, lying—is a justifiable means to the “millennial” end.5 This type of relativism was abhorrent to me." - Martin Luther King Jr. Stride to Freedom (1958)
"Constructive ends can never give absolute moral justification to destructive means, because in the final analysis the end is pre-existent in the mean." - Martin Luther King Jr. Stride to Freedom (1958)
"In communism the individual ends up in subjection to the state. True, the Marxist would argue that the state is an “interim” reality which is to be eliminated when the classless society emerges; but the state is the end while it lasts, and man only a means to that end. And if any man’s so-called rights or liberties stand in the way of that end, they are simply swept aside." - Martin Luther King Jr. Stride to Freedom (1958)
"His liberties of expression, his freedom to vote, his freedom to listen to what news he likes or to choose his books are all restricted. Man becomes hardly more, in communism, than a depersonalized cog in the turning wheel of the state." - Martin Luther King Jr. Stride to Freedom (1958)
"Man is not made for the state; the state is made for man. To deprive man of freedom is to relegate him to the status of a thing, rather than elevate him to the status of a person. Man must never be treated as a means to the end of the state, but always as an end within himself." - Martin Luther King Jr. Stride to Freedom (1958)
"Listen to Lenin as he says 'Lying, deceit, violence, concealing and withholding the truth are all justifiable means to bring about the end of the classless society.' This is the great weakness and tragedy of communism and any other system that argues that the end justifies the means, for in a real sense, the end is pre-existent in the means; the means represent the ideal in the making, and the end in process. In the long run of history, immoral means cannot bring about moral ends. Destructive means cannot bring about constructive goals." - Martin Luther King Jr. Address to Cornell College, Mount Vernon, Iowa (1962)
“If today I lived in a Communist country where certain principles dear to the Christian faith are suppressed, I would openly advocate disobeying that country's antireligious laws.” - MLK Jr., Letter from a Birmingham Jail (1963)
"This is the faith I commend to you Christians here in Berlin. A living, active, massive faith that affirms the victory of Jesus Christ over the world, whether it be an Eastern world or a Western world." - Martin Luther King Jr. East or West – God’s Children (1964)
"There is nothing to keep us from molding a recalcitrant status quo with bruised hands until we have fashioned it into a brotherhood. This kind of positive revolution of values is our best defense against communism." - Martin Luther King Jr. Beyond Vietnam (1967)
"We must not engage in a negative anticommunism, but rather in a positive thrust for democracy [applause], realizing that our greatest defense against communism is to take offensive action in behalf of justice." - Martin Luther King Jr. Beyond Vietnam (1967)
"We must with positive action seek to remove those conditions of poverty, insecurity, and injustice, which are the fertile soil in which the seed of communism grows and develops." - Martin Luther King Jr. Beyond Vietnam (1967)
"As I have walked among the desperate, rejected and angry young men I have told them that Molotov cocktails and rifles would not solve their problems."- Martin Luther King Jr. Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence (1967)
Martin Luther King Jr had a radical critique of American society. He repeatedly challenged the United States to live up to its own aspired ideals and sought through nonviolent action and democratic norms, reforms to end segregation and ensure voting rights for African Americans. Reverend King's political outlook could best be described as falling within what is called Christian Democracy. This political school occupies the center with parties on the center left and the center right, but like Reverend King are based on a Christian view of humanity in which "every individual is considered unique and must be treated with dignity."
Mohandas Gandhi, who greatly influenced
King, also spoke of social responsibility and trusteeship. He also
warned that the state was a "soulless machine" that did not look out for
the poor. Gandhi, a self-described socialist,
was not an enthusiastic proponent of an expanded social-welfare state.
Reverend King spoke of social democracy with an emphasis on democracy,
but he also spoke of the need to shift "from a thing-oriented society to
a person-oriented society."
The critique made by both King and Gandhi
of a "thing-oriented" society or the state as a "soulless machine"
looks to the person or the individual not an economic mechanism or
economic class. The focus is on the human person and polices that
recognize and respect the uniqueness of each human being and their
dignity.
The Konrad Adenauer Foundation in their publication Christian Democracy: Principles and Policy Making
offers a vision of this made reality in what is known as the social
market economy. This is a departure from a strict market economy,
focused on individuals
as economic units and one that is arrived at through a process of
reforms, not revolution.
Many know of the FBI wiretapping Martin Luther King Jr., monitoring of the Civil Rights Movement, and active measures against the civil rights leader but fewer know of the campaign waged against him by Soviet intelligence, also known as the KGB. The reality is that he challenged both systems.
This was a challenge to the existing order of both the United States and the Soviet Union, but one that rejected communism, violent class struggle, and that was rooted in the Christian tradition.
Perhaps, this is what scared so many powerful people.
Why do you think both the FBI and the KGB targeted Martin Luther King Jr.?
Agree or disagree, please leave a comment below.
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