Arbitrary detentions, discriminatory dismissals from state jobs,
and harassment in self-employment continued to be used to silence
criticism. Advances in education were undermined by ongoing online and
offline censorship. Cuba remained mostly closed to independent human
rights monitors.
Background
Lifting of travel restrictions on Cubans in 2013, removal of limits
on receiving remittances, and the draw of visa-free countries continued
to be important push factors for emigration. Cubans continued to leave
in large numbers, despite the country’s changing international
diplomacy, pushed by exceptionally low salaries and a tight web of
control on freedom of expression.
In June, the administration of US President Donald Trump made an
almost complete reversal of the USA’s political rhetoric towards Cuba.
This reduced the chance of US Congress passing legislation to lift the
economic embargo on Cuba, which continued to undermine economic, social
and cultural rights.
At least 12 lawyers from the human rights organization Cubalex
received asylum in the USA after being harassed, intimidated and
threatened with imprisonment for their peaceful human rights work.
Cuba had not ratified the ICCPR or the ICESCR, both of which it signed in February 2008, nor the Rome Statute of the ICC.
In December the government announced that President Raúl Castro would step down in April 2018.
Arbitrary arrests and detentions
Human rights and political activists continued to be harassed,
intimidated and arbitrarily detained in high numbers. The Cuban
Commission for Human Rights and National Reconciliation, a Cuban NGO not
officially recognized by the state, recorded 5,155 arbitrary detentions
in 2017, compared to 9,940 in 2016.
The Ladies in White, a group of female relatives of prisoners
detained on politically motivated grounds, remained one of the primary
targets of repression by the authorities. During detention, the women
were often beaten by law enforcement officials and state security agents
dressed as civilians.
In January, Danilo Maldonado Machado, known as El Sexto, was
released from a maximum security prison. He had been arrested in
November 2016, hours after the announcement of Fidel Castro’s death, for
having written Se fue (“He’s gone”) on a wall in the capital, Havana.
1
In August, Yulier Perez, a graffiti artist known for painting
dilapidated walls in Havana, was arbitrarily detained after months of
intimidation and harassment from the authorities for freely expressing
himself through his art.
2
Prisoners of conscience
The leader of the pro-democracy Christian Liberation Movement, Dr
Eduardo Cardet Concepción, remained in prison having been handed a
three-year sentence in March for publicly criticizing Fidel Castro.
3
A family of four human rights defenders were detained in Holguín,
southeast Cuba, for allegedly leaving their house during the period of
state mourning for Fidel Castro in 2016. The three siblings were given
one-year prison sentences for “defamation of institutions, organizations
and heroes and martyrs of the Republic of Cuba” and “public disorder”.
4
Their mother was sentenced to house arrest.
On 2 April, after a
prolonged hunger strike, the three siblings were freed under conditional
release, but they continued to be intimidated by the authorities.
Jorge Cervantes, a member of the political opposition group
Patriotic Union of Cuba (UNPACU), was detained for approximately three
months between May and August. Weeks before, UNPACU had published on its
YouTube channel a video called “Horrors in jail” in which Jorge
Cervantes interviewed a man who had allegedly been ill-treated in a
Cuban prison, and a series of videos which alleged corruption by public
officials.
5
The authorities continued to present trumped-up charges for common
crimes as a way to harass and detain political opponents, meaning there
were likely many more prisoners of conscience than documented.
Workers’ rights
The state continued to use its control – as the biggest employer in
the country, and as a regulator of the private sector – as a way to
stifle even the most subtle criticism of the government.
6
Politically motivated and discriminatory dismissals continued to be
used against those who criticized the government’s economic or political
model. Workers pushed out of employment in the public sector for freely
expressing themselves were often further harassed after entering the
emerging but highly regulated self-employment sector.
The de facto prohibition on independent trade unions limited
workers’ ability to independently organize and appeal against
discriminatory dismissals. The executive’s strong influence over the
judiciary and lawyers limited effective recourse through the courts.
Right to education
Undue restrictions in access to information and freedom of
expression online followed decades of offline censorship, undermining
Cuba’s advances in education.
Between May and mid-June, the Open Observatory of Network
Interference conducted testing on a sample of websites in Cuba and found
41 sites blocked by the authorities. All the blocked sites expressed
criticism of the Cuban government, reported on human rights issues, or
discussed techniques to bypass censorship.
While the government continued to expand access to the internet, it
prioritized access to the highly censored, government-curated national
intranet. Access to the global internet remained prohibitively expensive
for most Cubans.
7
International scrutiny
In April, the UN Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons
conducted a visit to Cuba, and in July the country received the UN
independent expert on human rights and international solidarity.
Most independent human rights organizations continued to be denied
access to the country and to its prisons. Cuba remained the only country
in the Americas region to deny access to Amnesty International.
- Cuban graffiti artist released (AMR 25/5545/2017)
- Urban artist at risk in Cuba (AMR 25/7000/2017)
- Cuba: Activist sentenced to three years in jail after criticizing Fidel Castro (News story, 21 March)
- Cuba: Prisoners of conscience on hunger strike (AMR 25/6001/2017)
- Cuba: Opposition activist in maximum security prison (AMR 25/6671/2017)
- Cuba: “Your mind is in prison” – Cuba’s web of control over free expression and its chilling effect on everyday life (AMR 25/7299/2017)
- Cuba’s internet paradox: How controlled and censored internet risks Cuba’s achievements in education (News story, 29 August)
